Unintended consequences are everywhere. Everyday actions, as well as design considerations, often precipitate other actions that were not planned or expected. Such seems to be the case with current-technology automotive fuel injection systems. Induction systems have evolved from relatively crude early carburetors to the mechanical fuel injection systems of the 1950s to electronic throttle body injection to port injection to today’s gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems. And while these new systems set new standards for performance, fuel economy and emission control, alas they do come with unintended consequences. The most notable of these is the formation of carbon deposits
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